On 28th November 2024, the House of Commons witnessed a crucial debate on the deteriorating state of religious freedom in Pakistan. MPs from across political lines came together to raise their voices against the systematic persecution faced by religious minorities, including Christians, Ahmadis, Shi’a Muslims, and the Baloch people. The session marked an important step in holding the Pakistani government accountable and galvanizing UK support for the human rights of these vulnerable communities.
The debate began with Jim Shannon MP, Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for International Freedom of Religion or Belief, who delivered a compelling opening speech. He highlighted some of the most urgent human rights issues in Pakistan, inclChristians in Jaranwala province,” the uding “barbaric attacks on “relentless persecution of Ahmadis,” and the “genocidal violence against Shi’a Muslims in Parachinar,” issues that have been widely reported and condemned by international human rights organizations. His speech set a strong tone for the debate, calling for concrete actions from the UK government and the international community to address the abuses faced by religious minorities in Pakistan.
Jim Shannon MP underscored the significance of the debate, emphasizing that “our actions today will speak louder than any words.” He reminded MPs that the fight for religious freedom, justice, and peace is a “moral duty, not an optional cause.” He called on the UK to lead by example, stressing that the time to act is now and that the UK’s role is critical in bringing attention to the grave injustices taking place in Pakistan. “We must stand in solidarity with the oppressed, and hold the Pakistani government accountable for its failure to protect its religious minorities,” he declared.
John McDonnell MP, the right hon. Member for Hayes and Harlington, also contributed passionately to the debate. He addressed the persistent “systemic violence” against religious minorities in Pakistan and strongly condemned the Pakistani government’s failure to take meaningful action. “The international community has been watching this crisis for far too long,” McDonnell said, “and it is time for the Pakistani authorities to be held to account for their inaction in addressing these grave violations of human rights.” He also spoke about the “lack of accountability” for those responsible for religious violence and persecution, further highlighting the desperate need for a change in policy.
In his speech, Lord Ahmad, the Minister for the Middle East, South Asia, and the Commonwealth, acknowledged the concern and dedication of MPs in raising these issues. He praised the “tireless efforts” of parliamentarians advocating for religious freedom and human rights, both globally and in Pakistan. He provided an update on the UK government’s ongoing diplomatic efforts, including discussions with Pakistani authorities and engagement with international bodies to push for progress on the protection of religious minorities. However, Lord Ahmad acknowledged that while efforts had been made, “more must be done” to bring about real change for the persecuted groups in Pakistan. “We must continue to put pressure on the Pakistani government to uphold its commitments to religious freedom,” he said, emphasizing that “the UK stands firmly in support of all religious minorities facing persecution.”
Mr. Paul Kohler, MP for Wimbledon, emphasized the significant religious persecution faced by the Ahmadi Muslim community in Pakistan. He criticized the Pakistani government’s failure to protect religious minorities, particularly in light of its claim to promote religious freedom. He stated, “Pakistan’s constitution enshrines the right of every citizen to ‘profess, practice and propagate his religion,’ and in January, the Minister of Foreign Affairs went as far as to claim: ‘Pakistan has undertaken wide-ranging measures to promote religious freedom and protect minority rights.‘ That is sadly and simply untrue.” Kohler focused on the discrimination faced by Ahmadi Muslims, pointing out that they are not allowed to stand for office or vote unless they declare themselves non-Muslims. “The Pakistani Government is doing more than just turning a blind eye to this discrimination; the state is actively seeking to marginalize the Ahmadi Muslim community.” He also drew attention to the persecution of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan, stating, “In their mosques, their homes, and their businesses, Ahmadi Muslims are facing persecution merely for observing their faith.” Kohler concluded by calling on the UK Government to take stronger action, stating, “It is therefore our duty to raise our voices, and for the Government to do what they can to help protect their rights and those of other religious minorities.”
Andrew Rosindell, MP for Romford, contributed significantly to the debate, particularly regarding the issue of a Special Envoy for Religious Freedom. He referred to the important work previously carried out by Fiona Bruce as the Special Envoy for International Religious Freedom. In the debate, Rosindell remarked:
“We have seen, through the work of Fiona Bruce, just how vital the role of a Special Envoy for Religious Freedom is in highlighting the persecution faced by religious minorities in countries like Pakistan. The appointment of such an envoy sends a clear message that the UK stands firmly in support of the oppressed, and that we are committed to fighting for their freedom of belief.”
Rosindell also pressed the government to reappoint this position, emphasizing its importance in the context of growing religious persecution. He added:
“I call on the Government to ensure that the position of Special Envoy for Religious Freedom is filled once again. The work of the envoy is not just symbolic; it is a practical way to apply pressure and facilitate real change in countries where religious minorities are being systematically oppressed.”
Furthermore, Rosindell criticized the lack of meaningful action by the Pakistani government to address the ongoing human rights abuses against minority groups, noting:
“The Government of Pakistan must be held accountable for its inaction and must take concrete steps to protect the rights of religious minorities. The persecution of Christians, Ahmadis, and others is unacceptable, and the international community must stand united in demanding change.”
Hamish Falconer, the Minister for International Development and Diplomacy, shared his thoughts on the situation of religious minorities in Pakistan and the role of the UK Government in addressing these human rights issues. He highlighted the importance of ongoing diplomatic efforts, noting that the UK’s direct engagement with the Pakistani Government continues to be essential. “I met the Human Rights Minister to discuss the importance of promoting religious tolerance and harmony. I highlighted concerns about recent incidents of blasphemy-related violence and the misuse of blasphemy laws,” Falconer said. “I also raised the issues of forced marriage and conversion, and the Minister assured me that efforts were under way to pass new legislation to help address these issues.”
Falconer’s comments also touched on the role of the Special Envoy for Religious Freedom, an issue raised during the debate. He explained, “Ministers are considering the role of a Special Envoy, and we should be in a position to update the House soon. I pay tribute to the previous envoys, but with or without an envoy, the Government remains focused on these issues, both in Pakistan and elsewhere.”
As the Minister for International Development and Diplomacy, Falconer underscored the Government’s commitment to using diplomatic channels and aid programs to support religious tolerance and the protection of minorities. “The UK’s £47 million accountability and inclusion programme helps change social behavior, promote interfaith harmony, and engage with local police to prevent violence,” he explained. “This is part of our broader effort to support Pakistan in building a more inclusive and tolerant society.”
The debate culminated in a vote, where MPs overwhelmingly supported a resolution demanding immediate action from the Pakistani government. The UK Government resolution states:
“That this House notes reports of deteriorating religious freedom in Pakistan; expresses its concern over the alleged widespread forced conversions and human rights abuses of minority religious groups; deplores the lack of action by the Pakistani government, which represents a serious violation of Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and further notes that the arrest of opposition religious leaders by the local authorities has led to condemnation both in Pakistan and further afield.”
The passing of this resolution marks a significant moment in UK Parliament’s engagement with the human rights crisis in Pakistan, sending a clear message to both the Pakistani government and the international community that religious freedom and the protection of minorities must be prioritized.
Juliet Chowdhry, Trustee for the British Asian Christian Association (BACA), expressed her strong support for the resolution. She emphasized that the debate had “galvanized greater UK support for the betterment of human rights in Pakistan,” and hailed it as an important step forward in “shining a spotlight on the suffering of Pakistan’s religious minorities.” “The passing of this resolution sends a strong signal that the UK will not stand idly by while innocent people suffer under religious persecution,” Juliet stated. She continued, “It is clear that the voices of those who suffer have been heard today, and this will undoubtedly inspire more pressure on the Pakistani government to address these abuses.” She also emphasized the importance of continued engagement, stating, “This is only the beginning. We must continue our efforts to support the victims of religious persecution and ensure that they are protected.”
The debate and the passage of the resolution represent a critical turning point in the ongoing struggle for religious freedom in Pakistan. MPs and ministers alike have reaffirmed the UK’s commitment to standing alongside those who are oppressed and persecuted simply for their faith. Jim Shannon MP’s call for the reappointment of a Special Envoy for International Religious Freedom reflects a broader consensus that the UK must take a leadership role in advocating for the protection of religious minorities worldwide.
The debate on 28th November 2024 proved that the UK Parliament is committed to ensuring that human rights abuses are not ignored. The resolution marks a significant achievement, but it also serves as a reminder that the work is far from over. The international community, must continue to hold Pakistan accountable and demand lasting changes that will protect religious minorities from violence and oppression.
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